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塑料检查井知识问答
一、检查井概况
1. Survey of well survey
1.什么是检查井？
1. what is the check well?
检查井俗称“窨井”，它是通过埋地与城市地下管网相连接的管网汇合枢纽，是便于定期检查、清洁和疏通管道，防止管道堵塞的工作站，凡是安埋有给水、排水、电信、电力、燃气、供热、消防、环卫等公用管网设施的地方就需要安装检查井。排水用检查井是城市中最常用的检查井。
Check the well known as the "manhole", it is connected by underground and city underground pipe network confluence hub, is convenient for regular inspection, cleaning and dredging pipeline, to prevent the blockage of the pipeline buried all workstations, safety of water supply and drainage, telecommunications, electricity, gas, heating, fire, sanitation and other public facilities of the local network you will need to install the inspection wells. The inspection well for drainage is the most commonly used inspection well in the city.
2.排水用检查井有哪些种类？
2. what are the types of the inspection wells for drainage?
（1）排水用检查井按功能分为雨水井、污水井、水封井及跌水井等。
(1) the inspection wells used for drainage are divided into rain water wells, sewage wells, water sealing wells and water wells according to their functions.
（2）排水用检查井按形状可分为圆形井、矩形井和扇形井。
(2) the inspection wells for drainage can be divided into circular wells, rectangular wells and fan-shaped wells according to their shape.
一般井径在1500㎜以下、管径在800㎜以下的检查井多采用圆形井，超过以上尺寸一般需采用扇形井或矩形井。
The general inspection wells well diameter 1500 mm in diameter, 800 mm in the following round wells, more than the size of the sector generally requires the use of wells or rectangular well.
（3）排水用检查井按管道交汇形式可分为：直线井、转弯井、三通或四通交汇井等，具体见附录C。
(3) the inspection wells for drainage can be divided into linear wells, turning wells, three or four interchange wells, especially in Appendix C.
3.排水用检查井主要由哪些部分组成？
3. which parts are the main parts of the inspection well used for drainage?
排水用检查井主要由井盖、井盖座、井筒、井室等部分组成。井筒及井室壁设置有供维修人员上下的踏步；井室体设置有进出水支管接口；污水井的井座一般设置有供水汇流的流槽，便于污物排放顺畅；雨水井的井座一般设置有供管道中泥沙沉淀的沉泥室，方便后期清理维护。
The inspection wells for drainage are mainly composed of the cover of the well, the cover of the well, the wellbore and the well chamber. The shaft and chamber wall is provided with for maintenance personnel on the steps; the well chamber body is provided with a water inlet pipe interface; sewage wells wells which are provided with water supply concentration tank, sewage discharge is smooth; the well seat generally set rain with sediment precipitation sludge for pipeline in the room, convenient cleaning maintenance.
4.排水用检查井与“节水、环保”之间有什么关联？
4. what is the connection between the inspection well and the "water saving and environmental protection"?
排水用检查井是城市地下排水系统中不可或缺的排水设施，其数量非常巨大。排水用检查井一般沿公用设施铺设，每20～40m距离就有一个检查井，而所有的雨水和污水均需在一个个检查井中汇流后再流出。城市中一条排水管线长度短则几百米，长则几十公里，其间检查井星罗棋布。据了解，经雨污分流改造工程后，仅成都市的排水用检查井就在3.5万套以上，全国的排水用检查井数量最少在1500万套以上。而检查井的密封性对节水和环保至关重要，密封性不好会带来严重后果：水资源大量流失；污水会渗入地下进而污染地下水，产生二次污染；雨水和地下水会渗入污水系统中造成污水处理成本大大增加。因此，每个排水用检查井均是一个节水源和防污染源。在水资源严重匮乏的今天，通过数量巨大的排水用检查井实现对雨水和污水的综合利用是非常重要的节水和环保途径。
The inspection well for drainage is an indispensable drainage facility in the urban underground drainage system, and its number is very large. The inspection wells for drainage are usually laid along the public facilities. There is a check well every 20 to 40m distance, and all the rainwater and sewage need to be gathered in one well and then flow out. The length of a drainage pipeline in the city is a few hundred meters long and tens of kilometers long, in which a check well is dotted. It is understood that after the rain and sewage diversion project, only the drainage well inspection wells in Chengdu are more than 35 thousand. The number of well testing wells in the whole country is at least 15 million sets. Check the sealing property of well of water conservation and environmental protection is very important, a good sealing will bring serious consequences: a huge loss of water; sewage will seep into the ground and groundwater pollution, have two pollution; rainwater and groundwater will cause the cost of sewage treatment greatly increased into the sewage system. Therefore, every drainage inspection well is a water source and a source of pollution prevention. Today, with the serious scarcity of water resources, the comprehensive utilization of rainwater and sewage is a very important way of water saving and environmental protection through a large number of drainage wells.
综上所述，排水用检查井是非常重要的节水和环保设施。
To sum up, the use of inspection wells for drainage is a very important water saving and environmental protection facility.
5.传统检查井井室有哪些构筑方式？
5. what are the construction methods of the traditional inspection well chamber?
主要有砖砌和钢筋混凝土构筑方式。
There are mainly brick and reinforced concrete construction methods.
“砖砌井”是我国长期沿用的修建井室方式，它主要由红砖和水泥修建而成，具有结构简单、成本较低的优点。但“砖砌井”存在问题较多：由于它主要由粘土烧制的红砖修建而成，容易出现缝隙间砂浆不密实现象。一般井体建成后的一两年就易出现沉降、塌陷，造成路面不平，加之维修作业面大、施工周期长、综合维护成本高等缺点，给车辆通行及市民出行带来很大不便，也给市政管理维护部门造成很多困难。对于污水井来讲，由于“砖砌井”渗漏严重，会再次污染地下水资源。同时普遍使用红砖会造成大量取用消耗表土资源，不符合建设“节约型、环保型”社会的要求。
The "brick well" is a long - used way to build a well - room in China. It is built mainly from red brick and cement. It has the advantages of simple structure and low cost. But there are many problems in the "brick well", because it is built mainly from the red brick made by clay, and it is easy to appear the non - compaction of the mortar between the cracks. General well one or two years after the completion of the settlement, it is prone to collapse, caused by uneven pavement, and maintenance of large, long construction period, comprehensive maintenance cost etc., to traffic and travel inconvenience, also caused a lot of difficulties to the municipal management and maintenance department. For sewage wells, because of the serious leakage of the "brick well", the groundwater resources will be polluted again. At the same time, the common use of red brick will cause a large number of use of topsoil resources, which is not in line with the requirements of building a conservation oriented and environment-friendly society.
“钢筋混凝土检查井”是前几年从我国北方发展起来、用于取代“砖砌井”的检查井，主要分为现浇式、预制装配式、混凝土模块式。相比“砖砌井”，“钢筋混凝土检查井”整体稳固性好、强度高、闭水性也有所改善，但也存在质量重、开支管孔困难、安装较麻烦等缺点。同时由于与埋地塑料管道连接仍存在密封和不均匀沉降问题，渗漏、浸蚀等现象未得到根本解决。
"Reinforced concrete inspection well" is a check well developed in northern China in the past few years and used to replace brick bricks. It is mainly divided into cast-in-place, precast and concrete modules. Compared with "brick well", the "reinforced concrete inspection well" has good overall stability, high strength and watertight performance, but there are also disadvantages such as heavy quality, difficult pipe installation and difficult installation. At the same time, the problems of sealing and uneven settlement still exist in the connection with the buried plastic pipe, and the leakage and erosion have not been solved.
6.为什么传统检查井不能适应现代城市发展要求？
6. why does the traditional inspection well do not adapt to the requirements of modern urban development?
目前随着我国城镇化的深入推进，城市发展规模越来越大、聚集人口越来越密，市政设施的运行负担越来越重，传统市政设施出现的问题也越来越多。因此，现代市政发展越来越注重满足环保、节水、耐用要求。对作为城市基础设施核心的地下管网，各地政府更是不惜投入巨资来进行改造和兴建。为此，在地下管网工程中，具有优越综合性能和环保功能的塑料管作为排水管道被大量应用并逐渐占据工程主导地位。但由于传统检查井为砖砌或钢筋混凝土结构，管道系统中两种不同材质的连接难以做到完全密封，同时还由于井体与排水管间会产生不均匀沉降，造成管和井连接处经常渗水并污染地下水；而且，由于传统检查井施工周期长和作业面大、故障率高、使用寿命短等问题一直未得到根本解决，形成了先进的管材技术和落后的检查井技术共存的严重不协调局面，不仅致使塑料管道系统优势
At present, with the further development of urbanization in China, the scale of urban development is bigger and bigger, and the population density is more and more denser. The operation burden of municipal facilities is heavier and heavier, and the problems of traditional municipal facilities are also increasing. Therefore, the modern municipal development is paying more and more attention to meet the requirements of environmental protection, water saving and durable. For the underground pipe network, which is the core of the urban infrastructure, the governments of all over the world have invested huge capital to reform and build them. Therefore, in the underground pipe network engineering, the plastic pipe with excellent comprehensive performance and environmental protection function has been widely applied as a drainage pipe and has gradually occupied the leading position of the project. But because of the traditional inspection wells brick or reinforced concrete structure, it is difficult to do with the two kinds of material in the pipe system is completely sealed, but also because of the well body and the drainage pipe will produce uneven settlement caused by pipe connection and wells often seepage and groundwater pollution; moreover, due to the traditional long construction period and inspection wells work surface, high failure rate, short service life and other problems have not been fundamentally resolved, forming a symbiotic pipe advanced technology and backward inspection wells technology serious uncoordinated situation, not only the advantages of plastic piping systems
1. Survey of well survey
1.什么是检查井？
1. what is the check well?
检查井俗称“窨井”，它是通过埋地与城市地下管网相连接的管网汇合枢纽，是便于定期检查、清洁和疏通管道，防止管道堵塞的工作站，凡是安埋有给水、排水、电信、电力、燃气、供热、消防、环卫等公用管网设施的地方就需要安装检查井。排水用检查井是城市中最常用的检查井。
Check the well known as the "manhole", it is connected by underground and city underground pipe network confluence hub, is convenient for regular inspection, cleaning and dredging pipeline, to prevent the blockage of the pipeline buried all workstations, safety of water supply and drainage, telecommunications, electricity, gas, heating, fire, sanitation and other public facilities of the local network you will need to install the inspection wells. The inspection well for drainage is the most commonly used inspection well in the city.
2.排水用检查井有哪些种类？
2. what are the types of the inspection wells for drainage?
（1）排水用检查井按功能分为雨水井、污水井、水封井及跌水井等。
(1) the inspection wells used for drainage are divided into rain water wells, sewage wells, water sealing wells and water wells according to their functions.
（2）排水用检查井按形状可分为圆形井、矩形井和扇形井。
(2) the inspection wells for drainage can be divided into circular wells, rectangular wells and fan-shaped wells according to their shape.
一般井径在1500㎜以下、管径在800㎜以下的检查井多采用圆形井，超过以上尺寸一般需采用扇形井或矩形井。
The general inspection wells well diameter 1500 mm in diameter, 800 mm in the following round wells, more than the size of the sector generally requires the use of wells or rectangular well.
（3）排水用检查井按管道交汇形式可分为：直线井、转弯井、三通或四通交汇井等，具体见附录C。
(3) the inspection wells for drainage can be divided into linear wells, turning wells, three or four interchange wells, especially in Appendix C.
3.排水用检查井主要由哪些部分组成？
3. which parts are the main parts of the inspection well used for drainage?
排水用检查井主要由井盖、井盖座、井筒、井室等部分组成。井筒及井室壁设置有供维修人员上下的踏步；井室体设置有进出水支管接口；污水井的井座一般设置有供水汇流的流槽，便于污物排放顺畅；雨水井的井座一般设置有供管道中泥沙沉淀的沉泥室，方便后期清理维护。
The inspection wells for drainage are mainly composed of the cover of the well, the cover of the well, the wellbore and the well chamber. The shaft and chamber wall is provided with for maintenance personnel on the steps; the well chamber body is provided with a water inlet pipe interface; sewage wells wells which are provided with water supply concentration tank, sewage discharge is smooth; the well seat generally set rain with sediment precipitation sludge for pipeline in the room, convenient cleaning maintenance.
4.排水用检查井与“节水、环保”之间有什么关联？
4. what is the connection between the inspection well and the "water saving and environmental protection"?
排水用检查井是城市地下排水系统中不可或缺的排水设施，其数量非常巨大。排水用检查井一般沿公用设施铺设，每20～40m距离就有一个检查井，而所有的雨水和污水均需在一个个检查井中汇流后再流出。城市中一条排水管线长度短则几百米，长则几十公里，其间检查井星罗棋布。据了解，经雨污分流改造工程后，仅成都市的排水用检查井就在3.5万套以上，全国的排水用检查井数量最少在1500万套以上。而检查井的密封性对节水和环保至关重要，密封性不好会带来严重后果：水资源大量流失；污水会渗入地下进而污染地下水，产生二次污染；雨水和地下水会渗入污水系统中造成污水处理成本大大增加。因此，每个排水用检查井均是一个节水源和防污染源。在水资源严重匮乏的今天，通过数量巨大的排水用检查井实现对雨水和污水的综合利用是非常重要的节水和环保途径。
The inspection well for drainage is an indispensable drainage facility in the urban underground drainage system, and its number is very large. The inspection wells for drainage are usually laid along the public facilities. There is a check well every 20 to 40m distance, and all the rainwater and sewage need to be gathered in one well and then flow out. The length of a drainage pipeline in the city is a few hundred meters long and tens of kilometers long, in which a check well is dotted. It is understood that after the rain and sewage diversion project, only the drainage well inspection wells in Chengdu are more than 35 thousand. The number of well testing wells in the whole country is at least 15 million sets. Check the sealing property of well of water conservation and environmental protection is very important, a good sealing will bring serious consequences: a huge loss of water; sewage will seep into the ground and groundwater pollution, have two pollution; rainwater and groundwater will cause the cost of sewage treatment greatly increased into the sewage system. Therefore, every drainage inspection well is a water source and a source of pollution prevention. Today, with the serious scarcity of water resources, the comprehensive utilization of rainwater and sewage is a very important way of water saving and environmental protection through a large number of drainage wells.
综上所述，排水用检查井是非常重要的节水和环保设施。
To sum up, the use of inspection wells for drainage is a very important water saving and environmental protection facility.
5.传统检查井井室有哪些构筑方式？
5. what are the construction methods of the traditional inspection well chamber?
主要有砖砌和钢筋混凝土构筑方式。
There are mainly brick and reinforced concrete construction methods.
“砖砌井”是我国长期沿用的修建井室方式，它主要由红砖和水泥修建而成，具有结构简单、成本较低的优点。但“砖砌井”存在问题较多：由于它主要由粘土烧制的红砖修建而成，容易出现缝隙间砂浆不密实现象。一般井体建成后的一两年就易出现沉降、塌陷，造成路面不平，加之维修作业面大、施工周期长、综合维护成本高等缺点，给车辆通行及市民出行带来很大不便，也给市政管理维护部门造成很多困难。对于污水井来讲，由于“砖砌井”渗漏严重，会再次污染地下水资源。同时普遍使用红砖会造成大量取用消耗表土资源，不符合建设“节约型、环保型”社会的要求。
The "brick well" is a long - used way to build a well - room in China. It is built mainly from red brick and cement. It has the advantages of simple structure and low cost. But there are many problems in the "brick well", because it is built mainly from the red brick made by clay, and it is easy to appear the non - compaction of the mortar between the cracks. General well one or two years after the completion of the settlement, it is prone to collapse, caused by uneven pavement, and maintenance of large, long construction period, comprehensive maintenance cost etc., to traffic and travel inconvenience, also caused a lot of difficulties to the municipal management and maintenance department. For sewage wells, because of the serious leakage of the "brick well", the groundwater resources will be polluted again. At the same time, the common use of red brick will cause a large number of use of topsoil resources, which is not in line with the requirements of building a conservation oriented and environment-friendly society.
“钢筋混凝土检查井”是前几年从我国北方发展起来、用于取代“砖砌井”的检查井，主要分为现浇式、预制装配式、混凝土模块式。相比“砖砌井”，“钢筋混凝土检查井”整体稳固性好、强度高、闭水性也有所改善，但也存在质量重、开支管孔困难、安装较麻烦等缺点。同时由于与埋地塑料管道连接仍存在密封和不均匀沉降问题，渗漏、浸蚀等现象未得到根本解决。
"Reinforced concrete inspection well" is a check well developed in northern China in the past few years and used to replace brick bricks. It is mainly divided into cast-in-place, precast and concrete modules. Compared with "brick well", the "reinforced concrete inspection well" has good overall stability, high strength and watertight performance, but there are also disadvantages such as heavy quality, difficult pipe installation and difficult installation. At the same time, the problems of sealing and uneven settlement still exist in the connection with the buried plastic pipe, and the leakage and erosion have not been solved.
6.为什么传统检查井不能适应现代城市发展要求？
6. why does the traditional inspection well do not adapt to the requirements of modern urban development?
目前随着我国城镇化的深入推进，城市发展规模越来越大、聚集人口越来越密，市政设施的运行负担越来越重，传统市政设施出现的问题也越来越多。因此，现代市政发展越来越注重满足环保、节水、耐用要求。对作为城市基础设施核心的地下管网，各地政府更是不惜投入巨资来进行改造和兴建。为此，在地下管网工程中，具有优越综合性能和环保功能的塑料管作为排水管道被大量应用并逐渐占据工程主导地位。但由于传统检查井为砖砌或钢筋混凝土结构，管道系统中两种不同材质的连接难以做到完全密封，同时还由于井体与排水管间会产生不均匀沉降，造成管和井连接处经常渗水并污染地下水；而且，由于传统检查井施工周期长和作业面大、故障率高、使用寿命短等问题一直未得到根本解决，形成了先进的管材技术和落后的检查井技术共存的严重不协调局面，不仅致使塑料管道系统优势
At present, with the further development of urbanization in China, the scale of urban development is bigger and bigger, and the population density is more and more denser. The operation burden of municipal facilities is heavier and heavier, and the problems of traditional municipal facilities are also increasing. Therefore, the modern municipal development is paying more and more attention to meet the requirements of environmental protection, water saving and durable. For the underground pipe network, which is the core of the urban infrastructure, the governments of all over the world have invested huge capital to reform and build them. Therefore, in the underground pipe network engineering, the plastic pipe with excellent comprehensive performance and environmental protection function has been widely applied as a drainage pipe and has gradually occupied the leading position of the project. But because of the traditional inspection wells brick or reinforced concrete structure, it is difficult to do with the two kinds of material in the pipe system is completely sealed, but also because of the well body and the drainage pipe will produce uneven settlement caused by pipe connection and wells often seepage and groundwater pollution; moreover, due to the traditional long construction period and inspection wells work surface, high failure rate, short service life and other problems have not been fundamentally resolved, forming a symbiotic pipe advanced technology and backward inspection wells technology serious uncoordinated situation, not only the advantages of plastic piping systems
